Land surface temperature (LST) is a key variable for high temperature and drought monitoring and climate and ecological environment research. Due to the sparse distribution of ground observation stations, thermal infrared remote sensing technology has become an important means of quickly obtaining ground temperature over large areas. However, there are many missing and low-quality values in satellite-based LST data because clouds cover more than 60% of the global surface every day. This article presents a unique LST dataset with a monthly temporal resolution for China from 2003 to 2017 that makes full use of the advantages of MODIS data and meteorological station data to overcome the defects of cloud influence via a reconstruction model. We specifically describe the reconstruction model, which uses a combination of MODIS daily data, monthly data and meteorological station data to reconstruct the LST in areas with cloud coverage and for grid cells with elevated LST error, and the data performance is then further improved by establishing a regression analysis model. The validation indicates that the new LST dataset is highly consistent with in situ observations. For the six natural subregions with different climatic conditions in China, verification using ground observation data shows that the root mean square error (RMSE) ranges from 1.24 to 1.58 K, the mean absolute error (MAE) varies from 1.23 to 1.37 K and the Pearson coefficient (R2) ranges from 0.93 to 0.99. The new dataset adequately captures the spatiotemporal variations in LST at annual, seasonal and monthly scales. From 2003 to 2017, the overall annual mean LST in China showed a weak increase. Moreover, the positive trend was remarkably unevenly distributed across China. The most significant warming occurred in the central and western areas of the Inner Mongolia Plateau in the Northwest Region, and the average annual temperature change is greater than 0.1K (R>0:71, P<0:05), and a strong negative trend was observed in some parts of the Northeast Region and South China Region. Seasonally, there was significant warming in western China in winter, which was most pronounced in December. The reconstructed dataset exhibits significant improvements and can be used for the spatiotemporal evaluation of LST in high-temperature and drought-monitoring studies. More detail please refer to Zhao et al (2020). doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3528024
MAO Kebiao
We compiled the Seismic Zonation Map of Western Asia using the ArcGIS platform through data collecting and digitization. The Seismic Zonation map of Western Asia covers Iran and its surrounding countries and regions. Based on the “Major active faults of Iran” map, the map is replenished with massive published data and depicts the location and nature of the seisogenic faults or active faults and the epicenter of earthquakes with M ≥ 5 from 1960 to 2019. The zonation map shows the mean values of peak ground acceleration (PGA) with 10% probability of being exceeded in 50 years. The two maps can not only be used in the research of active faults and seismic risks in Western Asia, but also will be applied to the seismic safety evaluation for infrastructure construction.
LIU Zhicheng
The data set records the main distribution of sudden geological disasters in Qinghai Province from 2011 to 2018. The data are collected from the Department of ecological environment of Qinghai Province. The data set contains seven tables, which are: the main distribution of sudden geological disasters in 2011, 2012, 2014, 2015 and 2016 Distribution statistics table, 2017 Qinghai Province sudden geological disasters distribution table, 2018 Qinghai Province sudden geological disasters distribution table, the data table structure is the same. Each data table has five fields, such as the statistical table of the main distribution of sudden geological disasters in Qinghai Province in 2016 Field 1: county (city) Field 2: landslide Field 3: collapse Field 4: debris flow Field 5: loess collapsibility
Department of Ecology and Environment of Qinghai Province
The Pan-Third Polar region has strong seismic activity, which is driven by the subduction and collision of the Indian plate, the Arab plate and the Eurasian plate. 3809 earthquakes with Magnitude 6 or larger have occurred in Pan-Third Polar region (north latitude 0-56 degrees and east longitude 43-139 degrees) since 1960. Among them, 59 earthquakes with Magnitude 8 or larger, 689 earthquakes with Magnitude 7.0-7.9 and 3061 earthquakes with Magnitude 6.0-6.9 have occurred. Earthquakes occurred mainly in the foothills of the India-Myanmar Mountains, the Himalaya Mountains, the Sulaiman Mountains, where the India Plate collided with the Eurasian plate, and the Zagros Mountains where the Arab plate collided with the Eurasian plate.
WANG Ji
The global typhoon path data set contains the data of 29 typhoon path points in the Northwest Pacific in 2018, including time, longitude and latitude, central air pressure, wind speed and wind force, future direction, future speed, wind force level and other indicators; the data comes from the typhoon network of the Central Meteorological Station (http://typhone.nmc.cn/web.html), using Python to grab the typhoon path data published on the web page, In addition, the captured Excel data table is sorted into ShapeFile form, and each path point is given wind power level according to the wind power rating standard of typhoon; It can be applied to the analysis of the characteristics and influence of the movement of typhoon path points, wind speed and wind force.
CHEN Yiting, YANG Hua, WU Jianjun, ZHOU Hongmin
Data content: permeability and permeability stability test data of soil materials with different dry densities Data source: the test data orginated from each piezometer, osmometer, stopwatch and measuring cylinder. All instruments are submitted for inspection every year. Collection location and method: seepage Laboratory of Chinese Academy of Water Sciences. Test the dry density according to the gradation and sample preparation thickness. Collection time: August 1, 2020 to August 20, 2020 Data quality description: through the permeability and permeability stability test of piping soil material under different density and grading, the data content includes seepage flow, water head and time. The test data come from various pressure measuring tubes, osmometers, stopwatches and measuring cylinders, which were submitted for inspection every year.
XIE Dingsong
Data content: permeability and permeability stability test data of soil materials with different fine particle amounts Data source: through the seepage and seepage stability test of piping soil material under different density and grading, the data content includes seepage flow, water head and time. Collection location and method: seepage Laboratory of Chinese Academy of water sciences. Test the dry density according to the gradation and sample preparation thickness. Collection time: August 1, 2020 to August 20, 2020 Data quality description: the test data are from various pressure measuring tubes, osmometers, stopwatches and measuring cylinders, and all instruments are submitted for inspection every year.
XIE Dingsong
1) The work of automatically dividing a wide and complex geospatial area or even a complete watershed into repeatable and geomorphically consistent topographic units is still in the stage of theoretical concept, and there are great challenges in practical operation. Terrain unit is a further subdivision of topography and geomorphology, which can ensure the maximum uniformity of geomorphic features in slope unit and the maximum heterogeneity between different units. It is suitable for geomorphic or hydrological modeling, landslide detection in remote sensing images, landslide sensitivity analysis and geological disaster risk assessment. 2) Slope unit is an important type of topographic unit. Slope unit is defined as the area surrounded by watershed and catchment line. In fact, the area surrounded by watershed and catchment line is often multiple slopes or even a small watershed. Theoretically, each slope unit needs to ensure the maximum internal homogeneity and the maximum heterogeneity between different units. The slope unit is an area with obviously different topographic characteristics from the adjacent area. These topographic characteristics can be based on the characteristics of catchment or drainage boundary, slope and slope direction, such as ridge line, valley line, platform boundary, valley bottom boundary and other geomorphic boundaries. According to the high-precision digital elevation model, the slope unit with appropriate scale and quality can be drawn manually, but the manual drawing method is time-consuming and error prone. The quality of the divided slope unit depends on the subjective experience of experts, which is suitable for small-scale areas and has no wide and universal application value. Aiming at the gap in practical operation in this field, we propose an innovative modeling software system to realize the optimal division of slope units. Automatic division system of slope unit based on confluence analysis and slope direction division v1 0, written in Python programming language, runs and calculates as the grass GIS interpolation module, and realizes the automatic division of slope units in a given digital elevation data and a set of predefined parameters. 4) Based on python programming language, the code is flexible and changeable, which is suitable for scientific personnel with different professional knowledge to make a wide range of customization and personalized customization. In addition, the software can provide high-quality slope unit division results, reflect the main geomorphic characteristics of the region, and provide a based evaluation unit for fine landslide disaster evaluation and prediction. It can serve regional land use planning, disaster risk assessment and management, disaster emergency response under extreme induced events (earthquake or rainfall, etc.), and has great practical guiding significance for the selection of landslide monitoring equipment and the reasonable and effective layout and operation of early warning network. It can be popularized and applied in areas with serious landslide development.
YANG Zhongkang
1) In mountainous areas, due to the complex topographic and geological background conditions, landslides are very easy to occur triggered by external factors such as rainfall, snow melting, earthquake and human engineering activities, resulting in the loss of life and property and the destruction of the natural environment. In order to meet the safety of project site construction, the rationality of land use planning and the urgent needs of disaster mitigation, it is necessary to carry out regional landslide sensitivity evaluation. When many different evaluation results are obtained by using a variety of different methods, how to effectively combine these results to obtain the optimal prediction is a technical problem that is still not difficult to solve at present. It is still very lack in determining the optimal strategy and operation execution of the optimal method for landslide sensitivity evaluation in a certain area. 2) Using the traditional classical multivariate classification technology, through the evaluation of model results and error quantification, the optimal evaluation model is combined to quickly realize the high-quality evaluation of regional landslide sensitivity. The source code is written based on the R language software platform. The user needs to prepare a local folder separately to read and store the software operation results. The user needs to remember the folder storage path and make corresponding settings in the software source code. 3) The source code designs two different modes to display the operation results of the model. The analysis results are output in the standard format of text and graphic format and the geospatial mode that needs spatial data and is displayed in the standard geographic format. 4) it is suitable for all people interested in landslide risk assessment. The software can be used efficiently by experienced researchers in Colleges and universities, and can also be used by government personnel and public welfare organizations in the field of land and environmental planning and management to obtain landslide sensitivity classification results conveniently, quickly, correctly and reliably. It can serve regional land use planning, disaster risk assessment and management, disaster emergency response under extreme induced events (earthquake or rainfall, etc.), and has great practical guiding significance for the selection of landslide monitoring equipment and the reasonable and effective layout and operation of early warning network. It can be popularized and applied in areas with serious landslide development
YANG Zhongkang
Landslide drainage and seepage prevention is a common technology for the treatment of landslide source area in Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The existing siphon drainage technology is inefficient when applied to high altitude areas. Through improvement, a variable pipe diameter and high head siphon drainage technology is proposed to solve the deep drainage problem of landslide in high altitude and low pressure areas. 12 groups of siphon drainage tests with variable pipe diameter were carried out to verify the correctness of the theoretical velocity calculation formula. The test results show that the theoretical calculation results of siphon velocity are in good agreement with the test results, and the relative error of theoretical calculation is within 5%; Different schemes of variable pipe diameter increase the siphon flow rate by 15% - 116%. It can be seen that variable pipe diameter can significantly enhance the drainage capacity of siphons, especially for high lift siphons.
ZHENG Jun
Landslide drainage and seepage prevention is a common technology for the treatment of landslide source area in Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The calculation of the existing siphon drainage velocity formula is improved, and the correctness of the modified velocity formula is verified by experiments. The test results show that: (1) the existing siphon calculation formula is only suitable for the calculation of low lift siphon drainage velocity, and the calculation error of high lift siphon drainage velocity is large, and the maximum relative error is more than 90%; (2) The modified siphon calculation formula is suitable for siphon drainage systems with various heads. The theoretical calculation results are in good agreement with the experimental results, and the relative general error of theoretical calculation is less than 20%; (3) Therefore, it is recommended to use the proposed modified formula for the calculation of siphon drainage velocity.
ZHENG Jun
Landslide drainage and seepage prevention is a common technology for the treatment of landslide source area in Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The calculation of the existing siphon drainage velocity formula is improved, and the correctness of the modified velocity formula is verified by experiments. The test results show that: (1) the existing siphon calculation formula is only suitable for the calculation of low lift siphon drainage velocity, and the calculation error of high lift siphon drainage velocity is large, and the maximum relative error is more than 90%; (2) The modified siphon calculation formula is suitable for siphon drainage systems with various heads. The theoretical calculation results are in good agreement with the experimental results, and the relative general error of theoretical calculation is less than 20%; (3) Therefore, it is recommended to use the proposed modified formula for the calculation of siphon drainage velocity.
ZHENG Jun
Landslide drainage and seepage prevention is a common technology for the treatment of landslide source area in Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The existing siphon drainage technology is inefficient when applied to high altitude areas. Through improvement, a variable pipe diameter and high head siphon drainage technology is proposed to solve the deep drainage problem of landslide in high altitude and low pressure areas. 12 groups of siphon drainage tests with variable pipe diameter were carried out to verify the correctness of the theoretical velocity calculation formula. The test results show that the theoretical calculation results of siphon velocity are in good agreement with the test results, and the relative error of theoretical calculation is within 5%; Different schemes of variable pipe diameter increase the siphon flow rate by 15% - 116%. It can be seen that variable pipe diameter can significantly enhance the drainage capacity of siphons, especially for high lift siphons.
ZHENG Jun
Data content: statistical analysis data of characteristic laws of large-scale landslide dams based on 1230 worldwide cases Data source: a large database containing 1230 dam cases around the world based on literature retrieval. Collection method: statistical analysis of the basic characteristics of landslide dam database through Excel, origin and other data analysis software and drawing software. Data quality description: Based on the established large-scale dam database, the distribution, inducement, service life, shape, collapse and other characteristics of dams at home and abroad were statistically analyzed. The correlation analysis of some characteristics was carried out, such as the correlation analysis of geological causes and service life of landslide dam, the correlation analysis of inducing factors and geological causes of landslide dam.
ZHANG Xinhua
Data content: Investigation report on the impact of the discharge flood of the "11.3" Baige landslide-damming lake on the downstream area of the Jinsha River Data source: field survey (route: from the junction of the Baqu River (also known as the Bachu River) in Batang County to the reservoir area of Liyuan reservoir). Data quality description: the disaster situation in the lower reaches of Jinsha River was analyzed from three aspects: damaged bridges, damaged towns (hydrological stations) and ancient barrier lakes. For damaged bridges, record and analyze from the aspects of longitude and latitude, flood mark elevation, bridge deck elevation, bridge type, scouring and destruction, etc were conducted; For damaged towns and hydrologic stations, record and analyze the damage on both banks of the river through visit and investigation were conducted; For the ancient barrier lake, combined with the field investigation and Google Earth map, the formation process of the ancient barrier lake was deduced; For the grading map of pebble and sediment particle size taken by the camera, the pebble particle size in the typical area is generalized into ellipse, and the generalized particle size of pebbles with different sizes was extracted. Finally, the pebble particle size grading curve can be drawn.
ZHANG Xinhua
Data content: Basic parameter data of dam breach process under different slope conditions Data source: through literature search, classification, consolidation and compilation. Description of data quality: Based on Jiang Xiangang's physical model test on dam breach with different bed slopes, the traceability erosion process of the dam body was analyzed in order to propose a traceability erosion model and explore the influencing factors of the traceability erosion process. In addition, this job attempts to quantify the undercut rate of the breach and the change rate of the downstream slope toe at each time. In order to find the relationship between them and obtain the calculation formula of the downstream slope angle, the calculation of traceability erosion was carried out. This can provide the basis for the calculation and analysis in the later stage of the project.
ZHANG Xinhua
Data content: Basic data of the Baige landslide dam Data source: literature search, field investigation (Baige dam site), institutional investigation (Ganzi Hydrological Bureau, Chengdu survey, design and Research Institute). Collection method: use camera to take site photos during field investigation; Consult the collection materials of relevant institutions to obtain the basic data of Baige weir plug dam. Data quality description: detailed hydrological data were obtained through institutional investigation, including the data of Batang and Gangtuo hydrological stations and the changes of water level and flow in front of the dam in Ganzi Hydrological Bureau. These data will provide important theoretical basis and reference for further analysis of outburst flood in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.
ZHANG Xinhua
Data content: Damage calculation data of the Zhubalong Bridge Data source: calculation based on the established flood routing model. Collection method: comprehensive analysis through field investigation, literature retrieval and numerical model simulation. Data quality description: by constructing a two-dimensional dam break flood routing calculation model, the flood routing process after the dam break of Baige barrier lake on the "11.03" Jinsha River was simulated. Taking the Zhubalong Bridge in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River as the research object, the damage process of the bridge was explored based on the balance relationship between structural resistance and mountain flood damage force. The damage process of the Zhubalong Bridge in the process of flood routing was clarified, and the calculation formula for estimating the disaster water level of the bridge was obtained.
ZHANG Xinhua
Data content: Calculation data of bank slope scouring in the lower reaches of the Baige landslide based on flood routing model Data source: Taking the river range of 225 km downstream of Baige dam as the research object, the calculation was based on the constructed flood routing model. Collection method: visit and investigate the disaster situation on the left bank of Zhubalong section of Jinsha River. In order to compare and analyze with the actual investigation results, the 2km section from old bridge at Zhubalong in the Jinsha River to Zhubalong bridge along G318 national highway was intercepted to analyze its flood inundation and riverbed evolution process. Data quality description: Taking the 0-225km long river channel downstream of the Baige barrier lake dam site of Jinsha River as the research area, the routing process of dam break flood is simulated by using the subsection routing method. Through the measured hydrological data of hydrological stations in different river sections, the roughness coefficient of corresponding river sections is calibrated, and the flood routing process of each river section is obtained. On this basis, the 2km section from Zhubalong old bridge on Jinsha River to Zhubalong bridge on G318 national highway is intercepted, and its flood inundation and riverbed evolution process are analyzed. Taking the damaged highway and house scouring erosion from the confluence of Bachu River to Zhubalong section as an example, the analysis, calculation and verification are carried out.
ZHANG Xinhua
Data content: Calculation and numerical model of overtopping dam failure of landslide dam established based on the breach mechanism (taking the Baige landslide as an example) Data source: numerical model based on Visual Studio code platform. Collection method: Based on the basic parameters of Baige landslide dam, calculation was carried out through the established model. Data quality description: firstly, the dam-break models proposed by previous scholars were compared and analyzed, and then the input parameters required by the Baige dam-break numerical model were substituted for calculation according to the actual Baige dam break process. The breach process simulation of the Baige landslide dam was obtained, and the simulation results were compared with the actual process for verification.
ZHANG Xinhua
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